Geotechnical engineers play a critical role in recognizing subsurface voids, which incur significant challenges to the stability and functionality of structures. These hidden cavities can stem from various causes, such as geological formations, erosion, or human interventions. Utilizing a suite of investigative techniques, including geophysical su
Subsurface voids pose significant concerns to geotechnical integrity. Accurately locating these voids is essential for ensuring the soundness of structures and infrastructure. Traditional methods, such as borehole analysis, can be laborious and provide limited spatial resolution. Emerging geophysical techniques, including ground wave velocity analy
Cavity characterization plays a significant role in geotechnical design processes. A thorough understanding of cavity dimensions and features is essential for accurately assessing the potential impact on structures . Geotechnical engineers utilize diverse techniques to characterize cavities, including geophysical surveys . These methods yield valu
Geophysical exploration plays a crucial role in the identification and characterization of potential mineral deposits. By employing various physical methods, geologists can survey beneath the Earth's surface to detect subsurface structures and anomalies indicative of mineral concentration. These geophysical techniques often involve the measurement